type: runbook
status: active
timestamp: 2026-06-22
tags: [runbook, hosting, free-tier, databases, firestore, neon, supabase, turso, cloudflare-d1, upstash]
status: active
timestamp: 2026-06-22
tags: [runbook, hosting, free-tier, databases, firestore, neon, supabase, turso, cloudflare-d1, upstash]
Free hosting — databases (Firestore, Supabase, Neon, Turso, Mongo, CockroachDB, Upstash, D1, KV)
DB free-tier numbers for Firestore, Neon, D1, Turso, KV
Databases — free tiers (2026-06-22)
The family pattern: Firestore for app data, Cloudflare D1 + KV for edge state, Neon for ad-hoc Postgres. Other providers in this table are validated fallbacks.
The table
| # | Provider | Free tier | Card@signup | Card to use free | KYC | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Firebase Firestore Spark ⭐ | 1 GiB stored, 50K reads/day, 20K writes/day, 20K deletes/day, 10 GiB egress/mo | NO | NO | NO | KEEP (family default) |
| 2 | Cloudflare D1 ⭐ | 5M rows read/day, 100K rows written/day, 5 GB storage | NO | NO | NO | KEEP (edge SQL) |
| 3 | Cloudflare KV ⭐ | 100K reads/day, 1K writes/list/delete each/day, 1 GB storage | NO | NO | NO | KEEP (edge KV) |
| 4 | Neon Postgres ⭐ | 10 projects, 0.5 GB/project, 100 CU-hrs/project/mo, 5 GB egress, unlimited branches, scale-to-zero | NO | NO | NO | KEEP (ad-hoc PG) |
| 5 | Supabase Free | 500 MB DB, 1 GB file storage, 50K MAU, 2 projects, pauses after 7-day inactivity | NO | NO | NO | KEEP (2-project ceiling kills fan-out) |
| 6 | Turso libSQL | 100 DBs, 5 GB total storage, 500M row reads/mo, 10M row writes/mo | NO | NO | NO | KEEP |
| 7 | MongoDB Atlas M0 | 512 MB storage, shared CPU, 1 cluster/project, ~100 ops/sec, no expiry | NO | NO | NO | KEEP |
| 8 | CockroachDB Basic | 5 GiB storage + 50M RUs/mo, scale-to-zero | NO | NO | NO | KEEP |
| 9 | Upstash Redis | 256 MB data, 500K commands/mo (was 10K/day until 2025-03-12), 10 GB bandwidth | NO | NO | NO | KEEP |
| 10 | Tembo Hobby | 0.25 vCPU, 1 GiB RAM, 10 GiB storage, no SLA/HA, free forever | NO | NO | NO | EVALUATE |
| 11 | Aiven Free PG | Single node, 1 GB storage (cut from 5 GB 2025-05-15), 20-conn cap, no time limit | NO | NO | NO | EVALUATE |
| 12 | PlanetScale | No free tier; Hobby killed Apr 8 2024 — cheapest now Scaler ~$39/mo | — | — | — | DROP (killed) |
| 13 | Xata | Free tier discontinued 2025 (enterprise pivot) | — | — | — | DROP (killed) |
How the family picks per use case
| Use case | First pick | Second pick | Why |
|---|---|---|---|
| App database (users, sessions, content) | Firestore Spark | Supabase | Firestore = no-card default, generous reads/day. Supabase if you need real SQL and don’t fan out past 2 projects. |
| Edge SQL (read at the edge) | Cloudflare D1 | Turso libSQL | D1 lives in the Cloudflare account already used for Pages + Workers. Turso for libSQL features (branching, embedded replicas). |
| Edge KV (session, feature flags, small lookups) | Cloudflare KV | Upstash Redis | KV is free + co-located with Workers. Upstash for Redis-API compatibility. |
| Ad-hoc Postgres (analytics, prototypes, branchable) | Neon | Aiven | Neon = 10 projects + branching is killer for branch-per-PR previews. Aiven for “I want a single PG and don’t care about branches”. |
| Document DB at scale | MongoDB Atlas M0 | Firestore | Mongo for genuine document-DB queries (aggregations). |
| Large-scale OLAP-leaning relational | CockroachDB Basic | Neon | Cockroach for distributed SQL semantics; Neon for plain PG. |
| Redis-API ephemeral cache | Upstash | Cloudflare KV | Upstash for true Redis API; KV for simpler reads. |
Quirks per provider
- Firestore Spark = the family default. No card, no project cap, ample free reads. Hardest gotcha: writes are rate-limited (20K/day) and large fan-out writes can blow the cap fast.
- Cloudflare D1 lives inside the Workers Free quota. Reads count against D1’s own limit (5M/day), separate from Workers’ 100K req/day. So a Worker that reads D1 10 times per request can serve 500K user requests/day before either cap bites.
- Cloudflare KV writes are tiny (1K/day). Reads are huge (100K/day). KV is read-heavy by design; if you write more than ~1K times per day, switch to D1.
- Neon’s 10 projects + unlimited branches is the killer feature for branch-per-PR Postgres in CI. Use one project per app, branch per feature.
- Supabase 2-project cap is the wall. Beyond 2 apps needing distinct Postgres + auth + storage stacks, switch to Neon (DB only) + Firebase Auth.
- Supabase 7-day pause. If an app gets no traffic for 7 days, the DB pauses. Wake-up takes ~10 s. Mitigation: a Workers Cron Trigger that pings the DB once a week.
- Turso libSQL is the libSQL fork of SQLite, distributed at the edge. 100 DBs is enough for per-tenant isolation across the family.
- MongoDB Atlas M0 does NOT auto-expire (unlike some “free trial” tiers from other providers). It just stays at 512 MB.
- CockroachDB Basic (was “Serverless”) gives 5 GiB + 50M RUs/mo — plenty for prototypes; RU model takes a sec to grok.
- Upstash 2025-03-12 model change. Old: 10K commands/day. New: 500K/mo. Slightly more generous for bursty workloads.
- PlanetScale Hobby killed Apr 8 2024. Don’t link anywhere; if you see PlanetScale in old runbooks, replace with Neon.
- Xata free killed 2025 in their enterprise pivot. Replace with Neon for Postgres or Turso for SQLite-flavor.
Recommendation for the family
- App data (every site + app): Firestore Spark — already the default, no migration needed.
- Edge state (per-Worker / per-Pages-Function): Cloudflare D1 + KV — same Cloudflare account.
- Prototype Postgres / branch-per-PR previews: Neon — 10 projects covers 10 simultaneous projects, plenty of headroom.
- Redis cache: Upstash Redis (500K commands/mo) until we genuinely outgrow the cap.
- Anything else: see the use-case table above.
Firestore project + emulator
- Production Firestore project:
oriz-app. Single project for all production family workloads. Multi-tenant by collection prefix, not by project — keeps Spark plan free-tier quotas under one roof and dodges thenever-hit-quotascap-per-project trap. - Local dev: Firestore Emulator (
firebase emulators:start --only firestore). No separate dev/staging Firestore project. A second project would either need its own Blaze upgrade for features or sit underused on Spark and burn quota headroom unnecessarily. - Migration to prod = export from emulator + import to
oriz-appvia the standardfirestore.indexes.json+firestore.rulespipeline. Seed data lives inmaster/scripts/seed-firestore.ts, runnable against either emulator or prod.
Image storage replication for max durability
Images uploaded by users (or assets large enough to justify external hosting — anything >100 KB that isn’t ideal as a build-time static asset) are replicated across 4 hosts on upload for max durability + first-200-wins client-side failover:
- Cloudinary (25 credits/mo; transforms + CDN)
- ImageKit (20 GB + 20 GB; unlimited transforms)
- imgbb (32 MB/image cap; no expiry, no signup needed)
- GitHub Releases (cold storage; not CDN-fast but durable)
Stored URL shape in Firestore is a JSON tuple {cloudinary, imagekit, imgbb, ghRelease}; the client <img> wrapper tries each in order, first 200 wins. Details in image-cdn.md.
Image-only assets ride this replication strategy; general object storage (backups, large binaries) stays on Backblaze B2 per object-storage.md.
Sources
- Firebase pricing — Spark plan
- Cloudflare D1 pricing
- Cloudflare KV pricing
- Neon pricing
- Supabase pricing — 2 projects + 7d pause
- Turso pricing
- MongoDB Atlas pricing — M0
- CockroachDB pricing
- Upstash Redis pricing — 2025 model change
- PlanetScale Hobby killed announcement
- Tembo Hobby
- Aiven free PG